Name: Jethwa Monali A
Paper: 15 Mass Communication and media study
Roll no: 19
Topic: History of Television in India; Advantages and
Disadvantage
of Television
Submitted: Dept. Of .English
M.K.B.U
· History
of the Television in India:
·
Television started as a modest
affair in India on September 15. 1969 when the AIR set up an experimental
television service in Delhi. It was soon converted into a full-fledged
telecasting station. Bombay was the second city in India to open a TV centre on
October 2, 1972.
.
·
A television centre was
commissioned at Srinagar (Kashmir) on January 26, 1973 and another was opened
at Amritsar (Punjab) on September 29, 1973. A relay centre was set up in Poona
(Maharashtra) on October 2, 1973. In August 1975 Calcutta (West Bengal) and
Madras (Tamil Nadu) opened TV centers.
·
The Television set-up was declined
from All India Radio and, under the name "Doordarshan", given the
status of a full-fledged Directorate with effect from April 1, 1976. Separation
of television from AIR was intended to facilitate fuller development of this
medium and the specialized skills peculiar to it.
·
Doordarshan has at present seven
Kendra’s located at (1) Delhi, (2) Bombay (with a relay centre at Pune), (3)
Madras, (4) Calcutta, (5) Srinagar, (6) Amritsar and (7) Lucknow, besides 3
Base Production Centers at Delhi, Cuttack and Hyderabad.
·
The main objective of Doordarshan
is development and education, besides providing rich entertainment through
varied programmes like music, feature films, etc. Intended to benefit both
urban and rural viewers, Doordarshan tries to project to the people development
plans and their implementation. Doordarshan lends powerful support to the major
multimedia campaigns initiated by the Central Government from time to time.
·
The most momentous development in
television in India is the Satellite Instructional Television Experiment (SITE)
which was inaugurated on August 1, 1975. The experiment was jointly conducted
by the Department of Space and the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting,
through their agencies, the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) and the
AU India Radio (AIR) respectively. ISRO's Space Applications Centre (SAC) in
Ahmadabad is fully responsible for design and fabrication of the ground
hardware and for conduct of the Experiment.
·
SITE is the result of an agreement
between India and the US concluded in 1969. Under this agreement ATS-6
satellite was made available to India for a period of one year. This satellite
was launched from the US in May 1974, and it had been transmitting experimental
TV programmes to parts of the US and conducting a few other experiments.
·
The prime earth station for the
Experiment is ISRO's Experimental Satellite Communications Earth Station
(ESCES) at Ahmadabad set up in 1967 with the assistance of the United Nations
Development Project (UNDP).
·
Following the successful
completion of the one-year Satellite Instructional Television Experiment (SITE)
on July 31, 1976 it was decided to continue terrestrial television programmes
for at least 40 per cent of the SITE villages.
·
Terrestrial transmitters are being set up at
six locations:
(1)
Jaipur,
(2) Raipur,
(3)
Muzaffarpur,
(4)
Sambalpur,
(5)
Hyderabad, and
(6)
Gulbarga.
·
This service will cover 954 out of
2400 existing SITE villages as well as 8950 additional villages. The
transmitters were to become operational in 1977. The first transmitter at
Jaipur became operational from March 1, 1977.
·
Initially these transmitters would
put programmes, ranging from 1-1, 2 hours to 2-1/2 hours every day with a
morning service for primary schools and an evening service for adults. The programme
patterns based on agriculture, health and hygiene, family welfare, child care,
adult education and such other subjects would be t he same as for SITE.
·
The purpose of these programmes is
to educate the common man in recent innovations and the use of science in
day-to-day life, remind him of his civic responsibilities and acquaint him with
the traditional and performing arts from different regions of the country. The
frequency of both the Science and Civics series is weekly, the duration being
15 minutes and 5 minutes respectively. The Arts series programme is
fortnightly, the duration being 15 minutes.
·
In the past, all Doordarshan
Kendras had their own separate Selection Committees for selection of feature
films to be telecast. This practice was discontinued and a Central Selection
Committee was formed at Bombay to decide selection of Hindi films on a cycle of
telecast from all Doordarshan Kendras. Regional films, however, continued to be
selected by the respective Doordarshan Kendras.
·
Commercials on television were introduced,
on an experimental basis, on January 1, 1976 with sponsored programmes only. It
was found that advertisers both in public and private sectors appeared to
prefer advertising with spots to sponsoring programmes. The position was
subsequently reviewed and it was decided to introduce the system of 'spot'
advertising in addition to the sponsored programmes.
·
The rates fixed for commercial
spots are in accordance with a graded system of timings, namely, non-peak
period, peak-viewing period and supper time. Owing to the limited resources of
the ' Doordarshan Kendras, the introduction of advertisements or filmed spots
has been taken up in a phased manner. Advertisements on 35 mm films were
accepted only at the Delhi and Bombay Kendras. Efforts were, however, made to
augment the equipment of other Kendras as well, so as to enable them to put out
filmed "spots" on a regular basis.
ADVANTAGES
OF TELEVISION
Television
can be useful source of information. People can be informed of all happenings
and developments in the country in economic, industrial and political fields.
Government activities for the well being of
the nation can be televised. We can have a look at the conferences and
seminars, giving aims, objectives and achievements of country in various
fields.
There are lots of Merits
of Television. It provides entertainment to the people of every
age, and has taken the place of cinema. Now we can enjoy movies, dramas,
matches, cooking shows etc without going anywhere.
When all members of the family sit together
for a program, it improves the family relationship. There are also special programs for students to create
awareness about their career. Students can gain a lot of information by
watching informative programs like animal planet, national geographic etc.
1. Relief from anxiety and
monotony: Television
delights and instructs us in various ways. Artistic programs including drama,
song and dance give us relief from the anxieties and monotony of daily
life and take us to the realm of imagination. We all get very tired when we
return home after working outside for the entire day. We can watch television
shows while relaxing on the sofa at our drawing room. It fills our life
with vigor.
2. Entertainment: It
is said that “variety is the spice of life” and television offers a variety of
entertainment channels. There is no doubt for the fact the television offers
wide variety of entertainment both for the adults and the kids as well. We can
choose from the series of plays, serials, movies, and sports televised.
Television offers entertainment for every one of us. For adults, there are
movie-channels, news-channels, live shows, reality shows, serials, etc. For
small children, there are cartoon-networks, educational-networks, etc
.
3. Media interviews: The
media men have regular interviews with eminent writers, scholars, scientists
and other celebrities. These extend our awareness of various subjects and
sharpen our desire for knowledge and understanding. When we watch interviews of
our celebrities, we understand how they overcame their
early-career difficulties. We get inspired by watching these
interviews of great and successful personalities.
4. Live shows: There
is no end to the pleasures. It caters to millions of people of all age. They
are thrilled as they witness live-cast shows of important games and
incidents. We become very excited when we see the live matches of
cricket, football, soccer, tennis, etc. Major international games such as
Olympics are shown live on the television. Live events of various music shows,
award functions, etc. are telecasted live on television.
5. Moral lessons: But,
besides entertainment, many television shows are aimed at teaching moral
lessons to the society. Though, mass television campaigns, efforts are made to
boost a sense of integrity and moral-values among the common people.
Various documentaries are also made to raise the consciousness of the people so
that the society can be benefited by their actions. The harmful effects of
drug, alcohol, smoking, etc. are displayed to encourage the viewers to stay
from these evils.
DISADVANTAGES
OF TELEVISION:-
But, everything is not
good here. So there are lots of disadvantages of television,
but these disadvantages are prominent when there is excessive use of
television. For example, if students watch television all the night, they
cannot awake early in the morning and so their school, college activities can
be affected.
If housewives watch
television all day, then they cannot complete they home tasks at time which can
results in domestic problems. Different movies and dramas can badly impact
one’s moral values, because sometimes the movie or drama is only fantasy but
one can take it serious. Excessive use of television can also cause eyesight
problems in early ages.
In spite of its popularity, television is
not free from disadvantages. That calls forth certain criticisms.
1. Negatively effects the
studies of the children: The
young children spend more time watching television than sitting with books. It
greatly affects their studies. Parents should ensure that the study
of their children doesn’t get negatively affected in any way.
2. Dull and indecent programs: Some
of the television programs are often dull and indecent. It divert the
attention of the youth. It creates certain feelings in them which are
detrimental to their future.
3. Distraction: Some
of the cinema shows and advertisements are unhealthy for youngsters. The
youth should use television carefully so that their mind doesn’t get
distracted.
4. Wastage of time: People steal
out of their work at times and gaze at Television shows in marts for hours
together. They waste immense time doing nothing while watching television.
5. Quality of educational
programs: The
national educational programs are yet to come up to our expectations. The numbers
of quality education programs are few. Very often, they fail to meet the
expectation of the students.
6. Develop idleness: The
excessive love for Television leads to idleness, sentimentalism and weakening
of our sense organs and imagination. During holidays, instead of going out in
the open and play some sports, the youngsters prefer to remain idle watching television.
7. People read fewer books: During
leisure time, people get enough time to read books or do other acts of
recreation. However, people are more interested in watching television than
reading books.
8. Alienates us society and
elements of nature: Too
much dependence on Television alienates us from society and nature, the
direct touch of which alone can revitalize our senses and imagination
Is Television harmful to the Society?
The word television comes from two roots.
The ‘tele’ part comes from the Greek word for far away. Vision comes from the
Latin for to see. Thus, a television set is a device that enables us to
watch programmes, films and much more.
Television has huge impact on Society.
Television has both advantages and disadvantages. It is an audio-visual
electronic device of the modern age. It has filled life with a new charm that
can never be dismissed summarily as harmful.
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